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Plasma proteomic profile reveals persistent immune activation in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2026-02-23
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 95/100
The study identifies a persistent immune activation profile in plasma proteomics of patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting ongoing viral persistence as a mechanism.
The study identifies a persistent immune activation profile in plasma proteomics of patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting ongoing viral persistence as a mechanism.
ORF3a and exosomes mediated lung-brain axis drives neuroinflammation and neurological complications in long COVID
2026-02-06
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 95/100
The paper discusses the role of ORF3a and exosomes in driving neuroinflammation and neurological complications in Long COVID through a lung-brain axis.
The paper discusses the role of ORF3a and exosomes in driving neuroinflammation and neurological complications in Long COVID through a lung-brain axis.
Long COVID/PASC (Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection).
2021-04-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 95/100
This review discusses the mechanisms and clinical features of Long COVID/PASC, summarizing current knowledge on post-acute sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
This review discusses the mechanisms and clinical features of Long COVID/PASC, summarizing current knowledge on post-acute sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Fragile Mitophagy in Long COVID: A Proposed Recovery-Failure Endotype for Post-Exertional Malaise
2026-07-24
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses fragile mitophagy as a potential endotype for post-exertional malaise in Long COVID, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction.
Long COVID is frequently characterized by exertion intolerance, delayed symptom exacerbation, treatment sensitivity, and prolonged recovery. Post-exertional ...
Host–virus resilience networks and viral inflammaging circuits in aging and long COVID: a CMV-centered perspective
2026-07-22
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the relationship between aging and long COVID, focusing on host-virus resilience networks and viral inflammaging circuits centered around CMV. It highlights chronic inflammation and immune remodeling as key factors.
Aging and long COVID are increasingly recognized as states of disrupted host homeostasis characterized by chronic inflammation, immune remodeling, metabolic ...
Longitudinal Trajectories of Neurologic Symptoms and Cognitive Associations at 36-months Post-Hospitalization for COVID-19
2026-07-21
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the long-term neurological and psychiatric symptoms experienced by individuals hospitalized for COVID-19, focusing on their trajectories over a period of 36 months post-hospitalization.
Background: A substantial proportion of individuals hospitalized for COVID 19 experience persistent neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The long-term traj...
Case Report: Mitochondrial insufficiency underlies cholinergic failure in post-vaccination long COVID: a candidate treatment protocol
2026-07-21
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of an 80-year-old male with severe long COVID who experienced acute deterioration after vaccination, despite ongoing cholinergic therapy. The paper suggests mitochondrial insufficiency as a potential underlying cause and proposes a treatment protocol.
An 80-year-old male with severe long COVID developed acute deterioration following COVID-19 vaccination despite ongoing cholinergic therapy (Mestinon 90 mg d...
Small extracellular vesicles proteome reveals persistent inflammatory and coagulopathic dysregulation in long-COVID
2026-07-20
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study analyzes the proteome of small extracellular vesicles in Long-COVID patients, revealing persistent inflammatory and coagulopathic dysregulation.
BackgroundPost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or Long-COVID affects millions and remains mechanistically undefined due to its heterogeneous clinical pre...
Fatigue after COVID-19 infection is associated with peripheral immunometabolic alterations affecting neuroimmune responses in the hippocampus
2026-07-15
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the association between fatigue after COVID-19 infection and peripheral immunometabolic alterations that affect neuroimmune responses in the hippocampus.
The paper discusses the association between fatigue after COVID-19 infection and peripheral immunometabolic alterations that affect neuroimmune responses in the hippocampus.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Long COVID among Hospitalized Patients with Omicron infection in Changzhi, China
2026-07-14
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study investigates the persistence of Long COVID among discharged patients with Omicron infection, focusing on longitudinal trajectories.
Background: Understanding the persistence of Long COVID (LC) among discharged patients with Omicron infection remains limited. Methods: We conducted a retros...
Persistent Physical and Mental Health Effects of COVID-19 Hospitalization
2026-07-09
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This review discusses the persistent physical and mental health effects of COVID-19 hospitalization in children, highlighting ongoing investigations into long-term impacts.
Introduction: The long-term health effects of the COVID pandemic on children remain an area of active investigation. Viral infection, immune responses, and s...
Pathological potential of autoantibodies in long COVID
2026-06-12
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the role of autoantibodies in long COVID, linking them to neurological symptoms and suggesting that long COVID may be at least partially an antibody-mediated disease.
Functional profiling of autoantibodies from individuals with long COVID demonstrates a casual link with neurological symptoms, reframing long COVID as, at least in part, an antibody-mediated disease.
Subclinical Hypercoagulable Viscoelastic Characteristics Associated with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV2 Physical Symptoms in COVID-19 ALI/ARDS Survivors.
2026-05-27
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses subclinical hypercoagulable viscoelastic characteristics associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV2 physical symptoms in COVID-19 ALI/ARDS survivors.
The paper discusses subclinical hypercoagulable viscoelastic characteristics associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV2 physical symptoms in COVID-19 ALI/ARDS survivors.
Complement activation in patients with post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2026-05-13
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses complement activation in patients with post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating a potential mechanism related to viral persistence.
The paper discusses complement activation in patients with post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating a potential mechanism related to viral persistence.
Sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid profiling in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2026-05-10
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid profiling in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting potential mechanisms related to viral persistence.
The paper discusses sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid profiling in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting potential mechanisms related to viral persistence.
Immune-metabolic trajectories delineate subgroups in paediatric long COVID
2026-05-04
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study delineates immunometabolic subgroups in pediatric long COVID with up to 3 years follow-up, highlighting recovery-associated features and EBV imprinting.
Here the authors show in a longitudinal cohort with up to 3 years follow-up that paediatric long COVID comprises temporally structured immunometabolic subgroups shaped by disease phase, EBV imprinting and autoreactivity. Recovery-associated features track with milder impairment and support stratification.
Post-Acute Sequelae Patients with Severe COVID-19 History Show a Prolonged Inflammatory, Vascular Injury Pattern.
2026-04-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses prolonged inflammatory and vascular injury patterns in patients with severe COVID-19 history, indicating a microvascular mechanism.
The paper discusses prolonged inflammatory and vascular injury patterns in patients with severe COVID-19 history, indicating a microvascular mechanism.
MicroRNAs in Long COVID: Key Regulators, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets of Post-SARS-CoV-2 Sequelae.
2026-02-11
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
The paper reviews the role of microRNAs in Long COVID, discussing their potential as regulators, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for post-SARS-CoV-2 sequelae.
The paper reviews the role of microRNAs in Long COVID, discussing their potential as regulators, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for post-SARS-CoV-2 sequelae.
Virus-induced endothelial senescence as a cause and driving factor for ME/CFS and long COVID: mediated by a dysfunctional immune system.
2026-01-09
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses virus-induced endothelial senescence as a cause and driving factor for ME/CFS and long COVID, mediated by a dysfunctional immune system.
The paper discusses virus-induced endothelial senescence as a cause and driving factor for ME/CFS and long COVID, mediated by a dysfunctional immune system.
Increased phosphorylated tau (pTau-181) is associated with neurological post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease in essential workers: a prospective cohort study before and after COVID-19 onset.
2026-01-05
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study found an association between increased phosphorylated tau (pTau-181) and neurological post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease in essential workers.
The study found an association between increased phosphorylated tau (pTau-181) and neurological post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease in essential workers.
New-onset allergic diseases after SARS-CoV-2 infection: mechanistic hypotheses and emerging strategies for risk stratification.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper reviews mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to delayed allergic phenotypes, focusing on epithelial injury, immune priming, and mast cell activation. It proposes a unified framework involving type 2 immune responses, epigenetic memory, and neuroinflammation.
Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper proposes a model of 'xenosialylation' as a mechanism for immune dysregulation following viral infections and vaccinations, including post-COVID-19 conditions. It suggests that the incorporation of non-human sialic acid into human glycoconjugates can lead to immune imbalance and autoantibody production.
Proteomic analysis reveals divergent inflammatory mechanisms of COVID-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study profiles immune mediators in CSF and serum from COVID-GBS patients, comparing them to non-COVID GBS (Control-GBS), COVID-19 patients without neurological complications (COVID-no-GBS) and non-inflammatory neuropathy controls (Neuropathy-no-GBS). It suggests that GBS involves myeloid-driven cytokine responses and local LIF signaling, with unique immune signatures in COVID-GBS.
Post-coronavirus inflammatory cerebral peduncle lesion presenting as painful tonic spasms.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of painful tonic spasms (PTS) in a woman 2 weeks post-COVID-19 infection, attributed to post-infectious neuroinflammation. MRI showed a contrast-enhancing lesion in the cerebral peduncle which resolved with methylprednisolone and oxcarbazepine.
A causal link between autoantibodies and neurological symptoms in long COVID.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study identifies a broad range of autoantibodies (AABs) in individuals with long COVID, particularly those with neurocognitive symptoms. These AABs react with CNS and peripheral nervous system proteins and can induce fatigue-like behavior, loss of balance/coordination, thermal hyperalgesia, small fiber nerve damage, and increased pain-related neuronal activity when transferred into mice.
Reframing ME/CFS: toward a unified mechanistic model of chronic post-infectious diseases.
2026-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
The paper reframes Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) as a disorder of impaired adaptive capacity within post-infectious disease biology, emphasizing persistent immune dysregulation and other biological mechanisms.
Association Between Post-COVID-19 Herpes Zoster Reactivation and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders: Multinational Real-World Evidence from TriNetX.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study found an increased risk of peripheral nervous system disorders, including Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and myasthenia gravis, in individuals who experienced HZ reactivation after COVID-19. The risks were elevated early for Bell's palsy and delayed for GBS and MG.
C1-esterase Inhibitor Treatment is Associated with Immune and Vascular Pathway Modulation in PASC with Neurological Symptoms: Longitudinal Plasma Proteomics.
2026-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 85/100
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial found that C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) treatment was associated with modulation of immune and vascular pathways in patients with post-COVID-19 neurological symptoms. Proteomic signatures showed reduced inflammation and increased neuroimmune and endothelial repair proteins.
Electrophysiological features and outcomes of post-infectious myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: a case report and literature review.
2026-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
A case report and literature review of a 52-year-old woman who developed myoclonus-ataxia syndrome two weeks after a fever episode associated with COVID-19. Electromyography (EMG) suggested a subcortical origin, and a post-infectious immune-mediated process was considered the most likely mechanism. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone led to improvement.
Proteomic signatures of COVID-19 Post-Vaccination/Post-Infection Syndrome (PV/PIS): insights into immune dysregulation and coagulopathy.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study identified significant alterations in coagulation factors, acute phase proteins, and immune response modulators in individuals with Post-Vaccination/Post-Infection Syndrome (PV/PIS) compared to healthy controls. Elevated levels of serum amyloid A1 and A2, attractin, and coagulation factors X and XI were observed, alongside downregulation of immune-regulatory proteins.
Post-COVID-19 Area Postrema Syndrome With SARS-CoV-2 in CSF: A Dual-Case Report and Review of the Literature.
2026-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This paper reports two cases of area postrema syndrome (APS) in female patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the potential for direct viral neuroinvasion and its relationship to divergent patient outcomes. The authors discuss the clinical significance of post-infectious autoimmunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and review relevant literature on post-COVID NMOSD.
Transfer of IgG from long COVID patients induces symptomology in mice.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study transfers IgG from long COVID patients into mice, inducing mechanical hypersensitivity. It stratifies patients based on plasma levels of GFAP, NFL, and interferon-β, supporting subgroup-specific pathways. Longitudinal stability of pathogenic activity is demonstrated.
Diagnosis of Dual c- and p-ANCA Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of a 70-year-old woman who developed dual ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the potential post-infectious autoimmune phenomenon triggered by the virus.
BACKGROUND Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are associated with a group of small-vessel vasculitides collectively known as ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), which can lead to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and multisystem involvement. In addition to other autoimmune diseases, AAV has been increasingly reported following SARS-CoV-2 infection. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation, sick sinus syndrome, breast cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and anxiety, who developed a rare phenomenon of dual ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). She initially presented with refractory sinusitis and a persistent cough. Over 5 months, she developed iron-deficiency anemia and, eventually, a rapid decline in renal function. Serologic testing revealed dual positivity for anti-proteinase 3 (PR3, c-ANCA) and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO, p-ANCA). Renal biopsy confirmed pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. She was ultimately diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). CONCLUSIONS This case highlights a potential post-infectious autoimmune phenomenon triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and underscores the importance of considering AAV in patients with unexplained systemic symptoms and renal dysfunction after COVID-19. Furthermore, the mechanism of AAV seroconversion and disease progression may be linked to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through both direct viral-neutrophil interactions and cytokine-mediated inflammation. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence linking viral infections to the emergence of autoimmune vasculitis.
Choroid plexus alterations in long COVID and their associations with IL-6.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses choroid plexus (ChP) alterations in long COVID, linking them to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and white matter damage. It suggests that ChP changes are associated with persistent blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
Systems Immunology of Long Covid: Insights from the STOP-PASC Clinical Trial
2025-12-05
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the systems immunology of Long COVID, focusing on insights from the STOP-PASC clinical trial. It explores potential mechanisms related to viral persistence.
The paper discusses the systems immunology of Long COVID, focusing on insights from the STOP-PASC clinical trial. It explores potential mechanisms related to viral persistence.
Distinct brain alterations and neurodegenerative processes in cognitive impairment associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
2025-11-26
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses distinct brain alterations and neurodegenerative processes associated with cognitive impairment in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
The paper discusses distinct brain alterations and neurodegenerative processes associated with cognitive impairment in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
Evaluating the risk and risk factors of dysautonomia as a post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a secondary analysis of a matched case-control dataset.
2025-10-14
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
This study evaluates the risk and risk factors of dysautonomia as a post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 using a secondary analysis of a matched case-control dataset.
This study evaluates the risk and risk factors of dysautonomia as a post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 using a secondary analysis of a matched case-control dataset.
Neuroimaging biomarkers of post-acute sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019.
2025-08-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses neuroimaging biomarkers for post-acute sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on the neurological aspects and potential long-term effects.
The paper discusses neuroimaging biomarkers for post-acute sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on the neurological aspects and potential long-term effects.
Amplification of select autonomous HERV loci and surrounding host gene transcription in monocytes from patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
2025-06-26
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the amplification of specific autonomous HERV loci and surrounding host gene transcription in monocytes from patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, suggesting a potential mechanism related to viral persistence.
The paper discusses the amplification of specific autonomous HERV loci and surrounding host gene transcription in monocytes from patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, suggesting a potential mechanism related to viral persistence.
Post-COVID pulmonary sequelae: Mechanisms and potential targets to reduce persistent fibrosis.
2025-05-28
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the mechanisms behind persistent pulmonary fibrosis after COVID-19, focusing on viral persistence and potential therapeutic targets.
The paper discusses the mechanisms behind persistent pulmonary fibrosis after COVID-19, focusing on viral persistence and potential therapeutic targets.
Coupling between neural oscillations and white matter integrity reveals cognitive computational profiles following COVID-19.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study investigates persistent cognitive symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection by combining EEG, diffusion MRI, and computational cognitive modeling. It identifies distinct neurophysiological profiles among post-COVID participants linked to specific brain network disruptions.
Persistent cognitive symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection have been widely reported, yet their underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we applied an integrative framework—combining EEG, diffusion MRI, and computational cognitive modeling—to investigate brain–behavior relationships in patients recovered from COVID-19 (n = 70) and other non-COVID respiratory infections (n = 26). Participants completed tasks probing cognitive control, working memory, and decision-making. Across tasks, individuals with prior COVID-19 showed altered low-frequency oscillatory activity and performance deficits, despite mild or moderate acute illness. These oscillatory alterations were linked to reduced white matter integrity in distinct long-range tracts, including the cingulum and thalamo-occipital fasciculi, depending on the cognitive computation involved. Crucially, model-based clustering revealed two distinct neurophysiological profiles among post-COVID participants, reflecting different combinations of structural and functional alterations. These profiles were not explained by clinical severity markers or other symptoms like anosmia, suggesting the emergence of neurocognitive phenotypes beyond binary classifications. Our findings identify a generalizable principle whereby specific brain network disruptions underlie cognitive dysfunction, highlighting biomarkers that may guide personalized intervention strategies. Beyond COVID-19, this multimodal framework offers a scalable approach for uncovering structure–function–computation coupling in other post-infectious or neuroinflammatory conditions, with broad relevance for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment.
From infection to intervention: post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular risk.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the cardiovascular symptoms of long COVID, including ECG abnormalities, postural orthostatic tachycardia, and arrhythmias. It highlights persistent perimyocarditis leading to ventricular failure or arterial inflammation, suggesting a need for better understanding of cellular and molecular processes.
Exploratory study on autoantibodies to arginine-rich human peptides mimicking Epstein-Barr virus in women with post-COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
This exploratory study identifies autoantibodies targeting poly-R peptide sequences in human proteins, suggesting a potential role for molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome (PCS) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Function in the Third Year After COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Follow-Up Pilot Study in South-East of Romania.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study evaluated echocardiographic changes in patients post-COVID-19 hospitalization, focusing on left ventricular function. It found that GLS impairment was common even in asymptomatic heart disease cases, indicating potential myocardial contractile dysfunction.
Background and Objectives: Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 has been confirmed during the acute stage of the infection. However, the prevalence and spectrum of post-infectious cardiac dysfunction remain incompletely clarified. The objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency of echocardiographic changes 2 years after hospitalization for moderate and severe COVID-19 in patients with no previously known cardiac pathology. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing severity markers of COVID-19 infection and echocardiographic parameters assessed ≥2 years after the acute illness, based on recent guideline recommended algorithm for echocardiographic diagnostic of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Results: The study included 50 Caucasian patients, 60% male, 54% aged < 65 years, and 32% with severe forms of the disease. The primary comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. COVID-19 severity correlated with the computed tomography (CT) lung lesion score and a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio >6 but was not associated with post-COVID-19 echocardiographic changes. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was reduced in only 18% of cases, but global longitudinal strain (GLS) impairment was observed in 46% of patients, contributing to the LV systolic subclinical dysfunction in 61%. Impaired LV diastolic disfunction with normal pressure filling was present in 30.61% of cases and with elevated pressure 10.2%. Conclusions: COVID-19 is an independent predictive factor for GLS impairment, which can indicate myocardial contractile dysfunction, even in patients with asymptomatic heart disease. This underscores the importance of regular echocardiographic monitoring for patients recovering from moderate to severe COVID-19.
Neurological syndromes associated with COVID-19: a multicenter study in Brazil.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A multicenter study in Brazil describes neurological syndromes associated with COVID-19, showing a post-infectious immune-mediated mechanism. Vascular syndromes were the most common and severe.
The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Long-term Damage of Tissues and Organs, the Underestimated Role of Retrotransposons and Stem Cells, a Working Hypothesis.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper proposes a mechanism where the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein can enter mature cells, progenitor, and stem cells, potentially leading to long-term damage through retrotransposition by elements like LINE-1. This is suggested as a cause for Long COVID.
Late Recurrence of C3 Glomerulopathy After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Long-Term Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.
2024-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of a kidney transplant recipient experiencing late recurrence of C3 glomerulopathy (C3GN) after SARS-CoV-2 infections, suggesting complement activation as the underlying mechanism.
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage kidney disease. Over the last decades, the long-term survival of renal allografts has significantly increased. Nevertheless, several causes, including the recurrence of native kidney disease, can impair the allograft function over time. C3 glomerulopathy (C3GN) is a rare disease, characterized by an abnormal activation of the alternative complement pathway that leads to the accumulation of C3 complement component in the glomeruli. C3GN frequently recurs after kidney transplantation during the first years, leading to graft failure. Recently, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the outcome of kidney transplant patients generally worsened, and several studies showed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on renal function. CASE REPORT Here, we present the clinical case of a female kidney transplant recipient whose renal function worsened after 28 years of transplantation concurrently with two SARS-CoV-2 infections (in October 2020 and March 2022). In 1994, the patient received a diagnosis of acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis, leading to end-stage kidney disease and a living-donor kidney. The most recent allograft biopsy and laboratory test results showed chronic rejection and features of C3GN. Thus, given the possibility of a recurrent glomerulopathy, we reanalyzed the previous patient's renal biopsies performed in 1982 and 1988 and found that both suggested C3GN. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data and the current evidence, we could conclude that in this case, C3GN occurred as a late recurrence disease caused by complement activation after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Gastrointestinal pathophysiology in long COVID: Exploring roles of microbiota dysbiosis and serotonin dysregulation in post-infectious bowel symptoms.
2024-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This review explores the gastrointestinal pathophysiology in long COVID, focusing on microbiota dysbiosis and serotonin dysregulation. It highlights key findings such as mucosal inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction, and viral shedding through the GI tract leading to altered microbiome ecosystems.
Gut Microbiome and Cytokine Profiles in Post-COVID Syndrome.
2024-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study explores the connection between gut microbiome changes and cytokine profiles in patients with post-COVID syndrome. It shows that severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially those complicated by pneumonia, induces a pro-inflammatory microbial milieu. The research highlights associations with post-COVID symptoms at both the gut microbiota and systemic cytokine levels.
Recent studies highlight the crucial role of the gut microbiome in post-infectious complications, especially in patients recovering from severe COVID-19. Our research aimed to explore the connection between gut microbiome changes and the cytokine profile of patients with post-COVID syndrome. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we analyzed the composition of the gut microbiome in 60 COVID-19 patients over the course of one year. We also measured the levels of serum cytokines and chemokines using the Milliplex system. Our results showed that severe SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, especially those complicated by pneumonia, induce a pro-inflammatory microbial milieu with heightened presence of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella_9. Furthermore, we found that post-COVID syndrome is characterized by a cross-correlation of various cytokines and chemokines MDC, IL-1b, Fractalkine, TNFa, FGF-2, EGF, IL-1RA, IFN-a2, IL-10, sCD40L, IL-8, Eotaxin, IL-12p40, and MIP-1b as well as a shift in the gut microbiome towards a pro-inflammatory profile. At the functional level, our analysis revealed associations with post-COVID-19 in homolactic fermentation, pentose phosphate, NAD salvage, and flavin biosynthesis. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota, their metabolites, and systemic cytokines in shaping post-COVID symptoms. Unraveling the gut microbiome's role in post-infectious complications opens avenues for new treatments for those patients with prolonged symptoms.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID: mechanisms, consequences, and potential therapeutic approaches.
2024-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This review discusses mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential mechanism for long COVID, covering its implications on cellular energy deficits, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, metabolic disturbances, and endothelial dysfunction. It also explores therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function.
Long COVID and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and treatment: A Keystone Symposia report.
2024-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This report summarizes insights from a Keystone Symposia conference on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or Long COVID, focusing on the underlying biology and potential treatments.
Muscle abnormalities worsen after post-exertional malaise in long COVID.
2024-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A longitudinal case-control study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of post-exertional malaise in long COVID, showing worsening muscle abnormalities and metabolic disturbances after exertion.
COVID-19-associated serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in post- versus para-infectious SARS-CoV-2-related Guillain-Barré syndrome.
2024-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study compared serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine profiles in patients with post-COVID-19 Guillain-Barré syndrome (post-COV-GBS) versus para-COV-GBS, finding that SARS-CoV-2 infection raises serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as an increase of IL-6 and IL-8 in CSF in both NC-GBS or COV-GBS compared to controls.
Post-COVID exercise intolerance is associated with capillary alterations and immune dysregulations in skeletal muscles.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study analyzes skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with post-COVID exertion intolerance, showing fewer capillaries and increased CD169+ macrophages compared to controls. Complement system proteins are more abundant in the serum of these patients.
Immune-mediated cerebellitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection-a case report and review of the literature.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of a patient developing an isolated cerebellar syndrome 9 weeks after COVID-19, with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in CSF. The patient was diagnosed with post-infectious-autoimmune-cerebellitis and recovered after corticosteroid treatment.
Long-term humoral signatures following acute pediatric COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study examines the lasting immune profile in children after acute COVID-19 and MIS-C, focusing on humoral responses and circulating cytokines. It shows that while pro-inflammatory cytokine elevations resolve over time, antibody-activated responses remain heightened in convalescent COVID-19.
Clinical improvement of Long-COVID is associated with reduction in autoantibodies, lipids, and inflammation following therapeutic apheresis.
2023-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 85/100
The study shows that therapeutic apheresis can lead to significant improvement in Long-COVID patients, associated with reductions in autoantibodies, lipids, and inflammation.
Thymosin alpha 1 restores the immune homeostasis in lymphocytes during Post-Acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2023-01-01
Category: DrugAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the use of Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) in treating Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), focusing on its ability to restore immune homeostasis and improve lymphocytopenia, particularly in severely ill patients.
Post-COVID-19 syndrome: Insights into a novel post-infectious systemic disorder.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the post-COVID-19 syndrome, suggesting it may persist as a systemic inflammatory or autoimmune phenomenon following SARS-CoV-2 infection. It highlights potential mechanisms involving secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and cytokine release syndrome (CRS).
Case report: Immune profiling links neutrophil and plasmablast dysregulation to microvascular damage in post-COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A).
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report that uses deep phenotyping to examine immunologic responses in a patient with post-COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-A). The findings reveal systemic inflammatory changes involving neutrophil and B-cell subsets, autoantibodies, complement, and hypercoagulability linked to systemic vascular dysfunction.
Development of Acute Transverse Myelitis following COVID-19 Infection: A Review on the Potential Pathways.
2023-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
The paper reviews potential pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 can lead to acute transverse myelitis (ATM), including direct invasion, cytokine storm, and autoimmune responses. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis in severe cases for better outcomes.
Long COVID and the cardiovascular system-elucidating causes and cellular mechanisms in order to develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies: a joint Scientific Statement of the ESC Working Groups on Cellular Biology of the Heart and Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
This scientific statement discusses the cardiovascular manifestations of long COVID, including chronic fatigue, chest pain, ECG abnormalities, and arrhythmias. It proposes mechanisms such as direct effects on myocardium, microthrombotic damage to vessels or endothelium, and persistent inflammation.
SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Persistence in SARS-CoV-2 Negative Post-Vaccination Individuals with Long COVID/ PASC-Like Symptoms
2022-07-12
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but exhibited long COVID-like symptoms after vaccination. This suggests a potential mechanism involving viral persistence.
The paper discusses the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but exhibited long COVID-like symptoms after vaccination. This suggests a potential mechanism involving viral persistence.
Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 dysfunction in post COVID-19 condition and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients.
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The study investigates TRPM3 ion channel function in post COVID-19 condition and ME/CFS patients, finding reduced TRPM3 currents and resistance to ononetin in both groups compared to healthy controls. This suggests impaired ion mobilization and potential chronic post-infectious symptoms.
A 62-Year-Old Man Presenting with Bilateral Tremor of the Upper Limb After a Diagnosis of COVID-19 with Confirmed Volumetric Brain Loss.
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of a 62-year-old man presenting with bilateral tremors more than 6 weeks after a diagnosis of COVID-19, accompanied by confirmed volumetric brain loss detected via MRI.
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is associated with respiratory and multi-organ systemic disease. It has been shown to affect the central nervous system and produce varied neurological symptoms, including ischemic strokes, seizures, and encephalitis. Neurological manifestations of this viral infection are thought to be due to neurotropic reactions on the central nervous system or post-infectious immune-mediated damage. This report presents a case of bilateral tremor of the upper limbs more than 6 weeks after a diagnosis of COVID-19, with confirmed volumetric brain loss shown by follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with 3-dimensional volumetric NeuroQuant image analysis. CASE REPORT We report a case of new-onset tremors in a 62-year-old man after SARS-CoV-2 infection. MRI of the brain was performed shortly after the onset of tremors, and a follow-up MRI after 2 months showed evidence of rapid parenchymal volume, loss of midbrain substance, and increased cerebrospinal fluid volume within 2 months of the initial examination. CONCLUSIONS This case report shows central neurological effects of COVID-19, which can be evaluated by quantitative volumetric MRI analysis, although further studies are warranted to determine how this type of brain imaging can be used to evaluate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection over time.
Cognitive phenotyping of post-infectious SARS-CoV-2 patients.
2022-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This study describes the cognitive outcomes of post-infectious SARS-CoV-2 patients, focusing on those at risk (RCD+) and not at risk (RCD-) for cognitive decline. Cognitive deficits were detected using various tests, with executive/attentive dysfunctions being predominant.
It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over: SARS CoV-2 and Post-infectious Gastrointestinal Dysmotility.
2022-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This review explores potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying motility dysfunction in post-COVID-19 patients, focusing on the role of ACE2 depletion and neuronal tropism.
Post-COVID-19 longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: is it a new entity?
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper describes two cases of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) occurring approximately 3-4 weeks after the resolution of COVID-19 infection. Both patients showed signs of paraplegia and urinary-fecal incontinence, with one patient showing thoracic lower segment LETM on MRI and the other showing long segment myelitis extending to the conus medullaris. The authors suggest a post-infectious etiology due to secondary immunogenic overreaction following COVID-19.
Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm.
2021-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
This paper is a mini-review discussing SARS-CoV-2-induced dysautonomia (DNS) in COVID-19 survivors, focusing on the hypothetical links between the virus and DNS. It suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to sympathetic storm and cytokine storm, which are key pathways in developing DNS.
Among the plethora of debilitating neurological disorders of COVID-19 syndrome in survivors, the scope of SARS-CoV-2-induced dysautonomia (DNS) is yet to be understood, though the implications are enormous. Herein, we present an inclusive mini-review of SARS-CoV-2-induced DNS and its associated complications. Although, the direct link between Covid-19 and DSN is still speculative, the hypothetical links are thought to be either a direct neuronal injury of the autonomic pathway or a para/post-infectious immune-induced mechanism. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced stress may activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to neuro-hormonal stimulation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with further development of sympathetic storm. Sympathetic over-activation in Covid-19 is correlated with increase in capillary pulmonary leakage, alveolar damage, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can spread through pulmonary mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors to medullary respiratory center in a retrograde manner resulting in sudden respiratory failure. Taken together, DSN in Covid-19 is developed due to sympathetic storm and inhibition of Parasympathetic nervous system-mediated anti-inflammatory effect with development of cytokine storm. Therefore, sympathetic and cytokine storms together with activation of Renin-Angiotensin-System are the chief final pathway involved in the development of DSN in Covid-19.
MRI-negative myeloradiculoneuropathy following Covid-19 infection: An index case.
2021-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of MRI-negative myeloradiculoneuropathy in a patient 12 days post-COVID-19 infection, presenting with acute retention of urine and upper motor neuron type of bilateral lower limb weakness. Nerve conduction study showed acquired motor axonal polyradiculoneuropathy.
Persistent IgG anticardiolipin autoantibodies are associated with post-COVID syndrome.
2021-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses a case of persistent symptoms after COVID-19, termed post-COVID syndrome (PCS), in a 58-year-old woman. It highlights the persistence of IgG anticardiolipin autoantibodies and eosinopenia as potential markers associated with severe COVID-19 and suggests an autoimmune or inflammatory pathophysiological mechanism for PCS.
Anti-GAD associated post-infectious cerebellitis after COVID-19 infection.
2021-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper describes a case of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibody-associated cerebellitis in a patient who developed the condition after COVID-19 infection. The patient responded well to immune treatments.
COVID-19 Post-Infectious Encephalitis Presenting With Delirium as an Initial Manifestation.
2021-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 85/100
The paper describes a case of post-infectious encephalitis presenting with delirium in an older adult who had severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The patient recovered after immunosuppressive therapy.
We report the case of a 65-year-old man with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) post-infectious encephalitis who presented with delirium as an initial manifestation. He had severe COVID-19 pneumonia and recovered with dexamethasone and tocilizumab. One week after discharge, he developed abnormal behavior and delirium without fever and respiratory symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormalities. Cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis and elevated protein concentrations and was negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 RNA. No anti-neuronal autoantibodies against intracellular and neuronal surface proteins were detected. The cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory changes compatible with post-infectious encephalitis, and the patient recovered with intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Delirium could be an initial symptom of post-infectious encephalitis in older adults with COVID-19, and these patients may require immunosuppressive therapy.
Post-infectious rhombencephalitis after coronavirus-19 infection: A case report and literature review.
2021-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 85/100
The paper describes a case of severe rhombencephalitis in a young man post-COVID-19 infection, showing clinical and radiological improvement with immunotherapy. It reviews similar cases supporting an autoimmune mechanism.
Subacute cerebellar ataxia following respiratory symptoms of COVID-19: a case report.
2021-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
A case report of subacute cerebellar ataxia occurring after the resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient showed no signs of other neurological syndromes or infections and improved with high-dose methylprednisolone therapy, suggesting an immune-mediated cause.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally and causes most frequently fever and respiratory symptoms, i.e. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however, distinct neurological syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. Among SARS-CoV-2-infections-associated neurological symptoms fatigue, headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness and anosmia/ageusia are most frequent, but less frequent neurological deficits such as seizures, Guillain-Barré syndrome or ataxia may also occur.Herein we present a case of a 62-year-old man who developed a subacute cerebellar syndrome with limb-, truncal- and gait ataxia and scanning speech 1 day after clinical resolution of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection of the upper airways. Apart from ataxia, there were no signs indicative of opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome or Miller Fisher syndrome. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed mild cerebellar atrophy. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the cerebellum was excluded by normal cerebrospinal fluid cell counts and, most importantly, absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or intrathecal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody production. Other causes of ataxia such as other viral infections, other autoimmune and/or paraneoplastic diseases or intoxication were ruled out. The neurological deficits improved rapidly after high-dose methylprednisolone therapy.The laboratory and clinical findings as well as the marked improvement after high-dose methylprednisolone therapy suggest a post-infectious, immune-mediated cause of ataxia. This report should make clinicians aware to consider SARS-CoV-2 infection as a potential cause of post-infectious neurological deficits with an atypical clinical presentation and to consider high-dose corticosteroid treatment in case that a post-infectious immune-mediated mechanism is assumed.
A case of COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a 51-year-old woman, treated with high-dose steroids and IVIG.
A 51-year-old woman with COVID-19 infection developed coma and an impaired oculocephalic response to one side. MRI of the brain demonstrated acute multifocal demyelinating lesions, and CSF testing did not identify a direct cerebral infection. High-dose steroids followed by a course of IVIG was administered, and the patient regained consciousness over the course of several weeks. As more patients reach the weeks after initial infection with COVID-19, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis should be considered a potentially treatable cause of profound encephalopathy or multifocal neurological deficits.
Persistent lung and vascular inflammation in mild to moderate COVID-19 survivors detected by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT: A quantitative imaging study with implications for cardiovascular risk.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 83/100
This study quantifies persistent lung and vascular inflammation in individuals recovered from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, suggesting a mechanistic link between post-infectious lung and vascular inflammation.
Wearable Heart Rate Variability Monitoring Identifies Autonomic Dysfunction and Thresholds for Post-Exertional Malaise in Long COVID
2026-07-25
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The study uses wearable heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring to detect autonomic dysfunction and identify thresholds for post-exertional malaise in Long COVID patients.
This study investigates the use of wearable HRV monitoring to detect autonomic dysfunction and identify thresholds for post-exertional malaise (PEM) in Long COVID patients. The findings suggest HRV-based thresholds may help prevent symptom exacerbation and guide pacing strategies.
Circulating mitochondrial and cellular damage markers in long COVID: Links to cognitive function, psychological distress, and inflammation.
2026-07-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The paper discusses circulating mitochondrial and cellular damage markers in Long COVID, linking them to cognitive function, psychological distress, and inflammation.
The paper discusses circulating mitochondrial and cellular damage markers in Long COVID, linking them to cognitive function, psychological distress, and inflammation.
Translational insights into Long-COVID: evaluation of preclinical animal models along the lung-brain-immune axis with focus on Golden Syrian Hamsters.
2026-06-26
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The paper evaluates preclinical animal models, focusing on Golden Syrian Hamsters, to provide translational insights into Long-COVID by examining the lung-brain-immune axis and viral persistence.
The paper evaluates preclinical animal models, focusing on Golden Syrian Hamsters, to provide translational insights into Long-COVID by examining the lung-brain-immune axis and viral persistence.
Shared autonomous HERV loci transcription identifies a unique circulating CD14+-xCR1+ mononuclear cell phenotype in a patient group with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
2026-05-19
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The paper identifies a unique circulating CD14+-xCR1+ mononuclear cell phenotype in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, suggesting an autoimmune mechanism.
The paper identifies a unique circulating CD14+-xCR1+ mononuclear cell phenotype in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, suggesting an autoimmune mechanism.
Correction: Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 protein in CD16+ monocytes in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 months post-infection.
2026-04-23
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The paper discusses the persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 protein in CD16+ monocytes up to 15 months post-infection, indicating viral persistence as a potential mechanism for Long COVID.
The paper discusses the persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 protein in CD16+ monocytes up to 15 months post-infection, indicating viral persistence as a potential mechanism for Long COVID.
Activation of the Lectin Pathway Drives Persistent Complement Dysregulation in Long COVID.
2026-01-25
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The paper discusses how activation of the lectin pathway leads to persistent complement dysregulation in Long COVID, indicating a strong mechanistic link.
The paper discusses how activation of the lectin pathway leads to persistent complement dysregulation in Long COVID, indicating a strong mechanistic link.
Extracellular Vesicle Protein and MiRNA Signatures as Biomarkers for Post-Infectious ME/CFS Patients.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The study identifies potential biomarkers in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma of post-infectious Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) patients, including those with post-COVID-19 ME/CFS. It highlights altered cargo proteins and miRNAs that may aid in diagnosis and patient stratification.
Post-infectious Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disease with unresolved pathophysiology and limited diagnostic options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry disease-specific protein and miRNA signatures and may enable improved disease profiling. We aimed to identify novel protein and miRNA markers as potential biomarkers in plasma EVs from female ME/CFS patients, including post-COVID-19 ME/CFS and post-infectious ME/CFS of other origins, compared with healthy controls. EVs were isolated from plasma by size-exclusion chromatography and characterized for number, size, morphology, and surface marker expression. Flow cytometry showed that small EVs strongly expressed tetraspanins, with only minor differences between ME/CFS patients and healthy donors. Proteomic profiling of EVs from ME/CFS patients identified altered cargo proteins, including hemoglobin subunit alpha and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein acid labile subunit compared with healthy controls (n ≤ 10/cohort). Small RNA sequencing followed by qPCR revealed significant downregulation of hsa-let-7b-5p in EVs from post-COVID-19 ME/CFS patients (n = 12) versus healthy controls (n = 15). Reduced hsa-let-7b-5p expression correlated with impaired physical functioning and increased fatigue, pain, and immune activation. These findings indicate that EV cargo differences, particularly hemoglobin subunit alpha and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein acid labile subunit, as well as hsa-let-7b-5p, represent promising candidates for ME/CFS diagnosis and patient stratification.
Research to evaluate safety and impact of long COVID intervention with Ensitrelvir for National Cohort (RESILIENCE Study): A protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
2025-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 80/100
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and impact of long COVID intervention with Ensitrelvir.
A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications.
2022-02-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 80/100
The paper discusses the role of amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC, suggesting they are a central mechanism. It explores origins and potential therapeutic implications.
The paper discusses the role of amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC, suggesting they are a central mechanism. It explores origins and potential therapeutic implications.
Metabolic, Viral, and Immune Phenotypes in Long COVID
2026-07-17
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 78/100
The paper discusses metabolic, viral, and immune phenotypes in Long COVID, suggesting that persistent symptoms may be related to ongoing viral or immune responses.
Context: Long COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms ≥ 3 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. To date, the underlying pathophysiology is unclear. ...
Assessment and Incidence Determination of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Prospective Cohort of Hospital Employees.
2026-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 78/100
The study determined the incidence and characteristics of Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and Myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in a cohort of hospital employees with SARS-CoV-2 infections. It found that 3.2% were diagnosed with ME/CFS, and suggested possible roles for EBV reactivation, increased GPCR autoantibodies, and potential coagulation cascade activation.
Background and Objectives: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), characterized by persistent fatigue, can develop after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, post-infectious condition marked by severe fatigue and post-exertional malaise. This study aimed to determine the incidence and characteristics of PCS and ME/CFS in a cohort of hospital employees (HEs) with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Materials and Methods: All HEs who tested SARS-CoV-2-positive between March 2020 and May 2021 who later reported persistent fatigue were invited for an assessment from July to December 2022. Canadian Consensus Criteria were used for the diagnosis of ME/CFS. Assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and determination of coagulation factors, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies and autoantibodies (AABs) against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Results: Of the 221 HEs, 11.8% (95% confidence interval (CI95%) 7.8-16.8, 26/221) still reported persistent fatigue and 3.2% (CI95% 1.3-6.4, 7/221) were diagnosed with ME/CFS. In total, 19 HEs (median age 51.0 years, 89.4% female, 63.1% possible or confirmed nosocomial infection) participated in our assessment. In 42.1% (8/19) MoCA results were below normal. Laboratory values showed increased GPCR AABs in 66.6% (12/18), possible EBV reactivation in 86.7% (13/15) and coagulation parameters suggesting inflammatory processes in 38.9% (7/18). Conclusions: Our study was able to determine lower-bound incidences of PCS with fatigue and ME/CFS and demonstrated a diagnostic pathway for HEs following SARS-CoV-2 infections. Possible EBV reactivation, increased GPCR AABs and potential coagulation cascade activation may play a pathogenic role.
An exploratory exome-wide machine learning analysis identifies candidate host gene signatures associated with Long COVID in a large admixed Brazilian cohort
2026-07-24
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
An exploratory exome-wide machine learning analysis identifies candidate host gene signatures associated with Long COVID in a large admixed Brazilian cohort.
IntroductionGenetic factors have been suggested as modifiers of vulnerability to postCOVID-19 sequelae, referred to as Long COVID (LC). We hypothesize that L...
A pilot study of nebulized 3D-cultured mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of post-COVID-19 chronic cough
2026-07-21
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 75/100
A pilot study investigating the use of nebulized 3D-cultured mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for treating post-COVID-19 chronic cough.
IntroductionChronic cough, particularly prevalent in post-COVID condition (PCC, also known as long COVID), remains a significant medical challenge. Recently,...
Multiscale bone remodeling in COVID-19: from osteoimmune signaling to structural and mechanical impairment
2026-07-21
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
This paper discusses the skeletal consequences of COVID-19, focusing on multiscale bone remodeling and its relation to osteoimmune signaling. It highlights structural and mechanical impairments in post-COVID patients.
The skeletal consequences of COVID-19 have emerged as an important but still underrecognized component of post-viral systemic disease. Increasing clinical, e...
Microstructural alterations in brain tissue of ME/CFS and long COVID using diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging
2026-07-17
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses microstructural alterations in brain tissue of ME/CFS and long COVID using diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging, indicating potential neuroinflammation mechanisms.
IntroductionMyalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID have overlapping symptoms, such as profound fatigue, cognitive impairm...
Association of oral outpatient antiviral medications for COVID-19 with the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 at 28 and 90 days in a cohort of individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
2026-07-16
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 75/100
The study assesses the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases who received oral antiviral medications for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The study assesses the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases who received oral antiviral medications for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Peripheral blood cytokines during early and post-acute stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with disease severity and long-term symptoms
2026-07-15
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the association between peripheral blood cytokines and disease severity in early and post-acute stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is relevant to long-term symptoms.
BackgroundU.S. Veterans experience a high burden of COVID-19; characterizing immune responses associated with COVID-19 outcomes could help improve treatment....
The Post-COVID syndrome caused by excessive inflammation: pathogenesis, potential targets and therapeutic agents
2026-07-14
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
This review discusses the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome, focusing on excessive inflammation and its potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Post-COVID syndrome is predominantly characterized by persistent fatigue that cannot be attributed to other underlying diseases or relieved by conventional r...
Pathogen effects on the brain: the case of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neuro COVID
2026-07-13
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the brain, focusing on cognitive and neuropsychiatric issues in Long-COVID patients.
Many patients develop cognitive and neuropsychiatric issues after viral infections, but the mechanisms are not well understood. A case in point is Long-COVID...
Distinct Regulatory DNA Methylation Signatures Across Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, and Neurological Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.
2026-06-25
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses distinct regulatory DNA methylation signatures across multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and neurological post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
The paper discusses distinct regulatory DNA methylation signatures across multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and neurological post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
Evaluation of steroids for acute COVID in the prevention of Long COVID in children: An EHR and pediatric cohort study from the RECOVER Initiative
2026-06-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 75/100
This study evaluates the use of steroids in preventing Long COVID in children with acute COVID-19 using EHR and pediatric cohort data from the RECOVER Initiative.
Sustained reduction in cardiopulmonary fitness in Long COVID: A report from the RECOVER-Adult cohort study
2026-06-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study reports a sustained reduction in cardiopulmonary fitness in individuals with Long COVID, suggesting potential microvascular dysfunction as a mechanism.
Rationale and design of RECOVER-ENERGIZE: A platform clinical trial of interventions for exercise intolerance with and without post-exertional malaise in Long COVID
2026-06-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 75/100
This paper describes the rationale and design of RECOVER-ENERGIZE, a clinical trial aimed at evaluating interventions for exercise intolerance in Long COVID patients with or without post-exertional malaise.
Post-exertional malaise and the myth of cardiac deconditioning: rethinking the pathophysiology of long covid.
2026-03-31
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the pathophysiology of long COVID, specifically addressing post-exertional malaise and challenging the notion of cardiac deconditioning.
The paper discusses the pathophysiology of long COVID, specifically addressing post-exertional malaise and challenging the notion of cardiac deconditioning.
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection symptom network centrality analysis of Taiwan population to unveil intricate symptomatology patterns.
2026-03-18
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The paper analyzes symptom network centrality in a Taiwan population to understand the intricate patterns of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The paper analyzes symptom network centrality in a Taiwan population to understand the intricate patterns of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Persist Over 3 Years in Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors But Are Not Associated With Persistent Thromboinflammation or Endothelial Dysfunction.
2026-03-12
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study examines the persistence of post-acute sequelae in survivors of acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome more than three years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It does not find associations with persistent thromboinflammation or endothelial dysfunction.
The study examines the persistence of post-acute sequelae in survivors of acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome more than three years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It does not find associations with persistent thromboinflammation or endothelial dysfunction.
The serum from critical COVID-19 patients induces proteomic changes in olfactory neuroepithelial cells that resemble post-covid neurological complications
2026-03-10
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study examines how serum from critical COVID-19 patients affects olfactory neuroepithelial cells, leading to proteomic changes that mimic post-COVID neurological complications.
The study examines how serum from critical COVID-19 patients affects olfactory neuroepithelial cells, leading to proteomic changes that mimic post-COVID neurological complications.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant pathogenicity in a long-COVID Syrian hamster model.
2026-03-09
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study compares the pathogenicity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in a long-COVID Syrian hamster model, focusing on viral persistence as a potential mechanism.
The study compares the pathogenicity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in a long-COVID Syrian hamster model, focusing on viral persistence as a potential mechanism.
Vitamin D in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After COVID-19 or Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
2026-02-03
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 75/100
A randomized controlled trial examining the effects of vitamin D supplementation on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) symptoms in individuals post-COVID-19 or vaccination.
A randomized controlled trial examining the effects of vitamin D supplementation on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) symptoms in individuals post-COVID-19 or vaccination.
SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer Biology: Exploring the Mechanistic Links.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the potential long-term implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (Long COVID) on cancer biology, focusing on persistent biological alterations that may be relevant to tumor progression or recurrence. It highlights chronic activation of inflammatory pathways, immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and senescence-associated inflammatory programs as key mechanisms.
Distinct post-infectious TLR2 immune remodeling in COVID-19-recovered centenarians.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study identifies a distinct TLR2-associated immune signature in centenarians recovered from COVID-19, suggesting an age-related post-infectious innate immune remodeling.
No expansion of MIS-c associated TCR Vβ 21.3+ T-cells in pediatric Post-COVID condition.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study compared TCR Vβ 21.3+ T-cell expansion in pediatric post-COVID condition (PPCC) and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). It found no enrichment of these cells in PPCC patients, suggesting a different pathophysiology.
[Post-COVID postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: Documentation of a hyperadrenergic phenotype by comprehensive autonomic testing].
2026-01-01
Category: DrugAI relevance: 75/100
The paper describes a case of post-COVID postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) with a hyperadrenergic phenotype, diagnosed through comprehensive autonomic testing. The patient was treated with ivabradine, leading to partial clinical improvement.
Gut microbiome shift in long COVID: impact of disease and montelukast treatment.
2026-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 75/100
The study examines the gut microbiome in long COVID patients and evaluates the impact of montelukast treatment. It reveals a significant reorganisation of the gut microbial community in long COVID patients, with montelukast showing minimal further impact on the microbial landscape.
Shared autonomic phenotype of long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
This study compares Long COVID and pre-COVID ME/CFS patients, finding extensive similarities in autonomic dysfunction, including reduced orthostatic cerebral blood flow velocity, widespread autonomic failure, small fiber neuropathy, and postural tachycardia syndrome. Both conditions suggest a shared underlying pathophysiology.
Urinary Peptidomic Profiling in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Study
2025-10-17
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
This case-control study investigates urinary peptidomic profiling in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, comparing them to healthy controls.
This case-control study investigates urinary peptidomic profiling in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, comparing them to healthy controls.
Long COVID and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis share similar pathophysiologic mechanisms of exercise limitation.
2025-09-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the shared pathophysiologic mechanisms between Long COVID and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis, focusing on exercise limitation.
The paper discusses the shared pathophysiologic mechanisms between Long COVID and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis, focusing on exercise limitation.
[<sup>68</sup>Ga]FAPI PET/CT reveals increased pulmonary fibroblast activation protein expression in long COVID patients after ICU discharge.
2025-06-21
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
[(<sup>68</sup>Ga)FAPI PET/CT] imaging shows increased expression of fibroblast activation protein in long COVID patients post-ICU discharge, suggesting ongoing pulmonary changes.
[(<sup>68</sup>Ga)FAPI PET/CT] imaging shows increased expression of fibroblast activation protein in long COVID patients post-ICU discharge, suggesting ongoing pulmonary changes.
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 in a Secondary Care Hospital in South India: A Study of Post-acute Sequelae and Pulmonary Outcomes.
2025-06-08
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
This study examines the clinical characteristics and long-term effects of COVID-19 in a secondary care hospital in South India, focusing on post-acute sequelae and pulmonary outcomes.
This study examines the clinical characteristics and long-term effects of COVID-19 in a secondary care hospital in South India, focusing on post-acute sequelae and pulmonary outcomes.
Executive Function Decline and Its Association With TNF-α in the Later Stages of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID.
2025-06-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the decline in executive function and its association with TNF-α levels in the later stages of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC).
The paper discusses the decline in executive function and its association with TNF-α levels in the later stages of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC).
Effectiveness of Dual Sympathetic Blocks for Sympathetically Mediated Symptoms in Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC): An Open-Label, Non-randomized Pilot Study.
2025-03-31
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 75/100
This open-label, non-randomized pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of dual sympathetic blocks for managing sympathetically mediated symptoms in patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).
This open-label, non-randomized pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of dual sympathetic blocks for managing sympathetically mediated symptoms in patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).
Cortical morphology alterations in non-COVID-19 post-infectious olfactory dysfunction.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study found significant reductions in gray matter volume, density, and cortical thickness in patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These alterations were observed in regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, fusiform gyrus, superior frontal cortex, and hippocampus.
While COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction leads to gray matter (GM) structural alterations, it remains unclear whether these structural GM alterations are specific to COVID-19. To address this, we investigated GM changes in patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study included 65 patients with PIOD who were SARS-CoV-2 negative and 65 healthy controls. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks test and olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs). T1-weighted MRI scans were analyzed using three complementary approaches: region-based morphometry (RBM) to assess regional GM volume, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine voxel-wise GM density differences between PIOD patients and controls, and surface-based morphometry (SBM) to investigate cortical thickness alterations. Compared to controls, patients with PIOD exhibited significant reductions in GM volume, voxel-based GM density, and cortical thickness. Regions demonstrating GM volume/thickness reductions across these three morphological analyses included the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, fusiform gyrus, superior frontal cortex, and hippocampus. Further region-of-interest (ROI) analyses revealed that reduced cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex was negatively correlated with the duration of olfactory dysfunction and positively correlated with olfactory performance. Our findings indicate brain structural alterations also occurs in SARS-CoV-2-negative PIOD patients.
The Relationship Between Hemodynamic Responses During Head-Up Tilt Testing and Parameters of Infection in Post-COVID Syndrome, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Late-Stage Lyme Disease.
2025-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study explores autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in post-COVID syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome, linking it to persistent infections. It identifies specific antibodies associated with HUTT outcomes and suggests ANS dysfunction may be driven by prior or persistent infections.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has emerged as a central feature of post-infectious syndromes, including post-COVID syndrome (PCS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and late-stage Lyme disease. This cross-sectional study included 1036 patients evaluated in the Neurocardiological Laboratory of the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Dedinje," divided into four groups: PCS, CFS after COVID-19, CFS of insidious onset, and Lyme disease. All patients underwent head-up tilt testing (HUTT), and serological testing was performed in accredited institutions. The Lyme disease group demonstrated the highest prevalence of positive HUTT responses and a significantly greater frequency of orthostatic hypotension and syncope. Approximately 50-65% of patients in the PCS and Lyme groups were positive for IgM antibodies against at least one microorganism, with more than 10% showing positivity for three or more pathogens. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, beyond classical hemodynamic parameters, antibody status served as a significant predictor of HUTT outcomes, with specific associations identified for HSV-1, HHV-6, Coxiella burnetii, Toxoplasma gondii, and Borrelia spp. Multinomial regression further indicated that negative IgG antibodies, particularly to HSV-1 and VZV, predicted Lyme disease group membership. These findings support the hypothesis that ANS dysfunction in post-infectious syndromes may be driven by persistent or prior infections, highlighting the need for integrative diagnostic approaches.
Long Covid in Year 5: Some Progress, Still Many Questions.
2025-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The paper reviews the progress in understanding Long COVID over five years, noting advancements in disease characterization and evolving definitions. It discusses ongoing research into multiple endotypes and the lack of clinical biomarkers or effective therapies. The article also highlights overlaps with other post-infectious syndromes like ME/CFS and notes that while symptoms persist for many, their impact on activity and work is variable.
Long Covid was first described in 2020. Five years later, progress in disease characterization has been considerable, and definitions continue to evolve. Several disease mechanisms are under study, and evidence for multiple endotypes is accumulating. No clinical biomarker has been identified, nor has an effective therapy been developed. Overlap with other post-infectious syndromes, particularly myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, is now more evident. For most individuals, symptoms of long Covid progressively disappear over time. Recurrent Covid-19 infections are now an important contributor to the pool of affected individuals. While symptoms limit activity in as many as 20%, inability to work is less common. The anticipated surge of disability claims from insured individuals has not materialized.
Impact of extended-course oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in established Long COVID: a case series
2025-01-01
Category: DrugAI relevance: 75/100
A case series of 13 individuals with Long COVID who initiated extended courses (>5 days; range: 7.5-30 days) of oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir outside (n = 11) and within (n = 2) the context of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection reported mixed results, with some experiencing a meaningful reduction in symptoms while others showed no effect or experienced side effects.
Prior case series suggest that a 5-day course of oral Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) benefits some people with Long COVID, within and/or outside of the context of an acute reinfection. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no prior case series of people with Long COVID who have attempted longer courses of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. We documented a case series of 13 individuals with Long COVID who initiated extended courses (>5 days; range: 7.5-30 days) of oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir outside (n = 11) of and within (n = 2) the context of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants reported on symptoms and health experiences before, during, and after their use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Among those who take an extended course of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir outside of the context of an acute infection, some experience a meaningful reduction in symptoms, although not all benefits persist. Others experience no effect on symptoms. One participant stopped early due to intense stomach pain. For the two participants who took an extended course of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir within the context of an acute reinfection, both report eventually returning to their pre-re-infection baseline. Extended courses of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir may have meaningful benefits for some people with Long COVID but not others. We encourage researchers to study how and why nirmatrelvir/ritonavir benefits some and what course length is most effective, with the goal of informing clinical recommendations for using nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and/or other antivirals as a potential treatment for Long COVID. Long COVID is an infection-associated chronic condition in which symptoms persist more than 12 weeks after an acute COVID-19 infection. Prior reports suggest that a 5-day course of oral Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) may help some people with Long COVID, but there have not yet been any reports of people with Long COVID trying extended courses of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Our patient-led study documents the experiences of 13 people with Long COVID who tried extended courses of Paxlovid; some were in the midst of a reinfection and others were not. Some participants reported meaningful benefits, although not all improvements lasted long-term. Others experienced no changes in symptoms. Our results suggest that extended courses of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir could be beneficial for some people with Long COVID.
Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs) in subjects after Covid-19 infection: single-center prospective study.
2024-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study analyzed olfactory and trigeminal event-related potentials (OERPs and TERPs) in subjects post-COVID-19 infection, finding that OERPs were absent in 18% of participants at least one year after infection. The presence of OERPs was a significant prognostic factor for olfactory function recovery. TERPs showed longer N1 latency and lower amplitude for the N1-P2 interval post-COVID-19, suggesting neuroinflammation as a potential mechanism.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom associated with Covid-19. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the importance of psychophysical olfactory tests and electrophysiological olfactory assessment increased. The purpose of the study was to analyze the psychophysical olfactory tests and the post-covid curves of olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs).The prospective study included 98 subjects (62 females / 36 males). The average age was 42 years (range 21-84 years). Group I (n = 77) contained participants who had been infected with Covid-19. They were enrolled in the study at least 1 year after Covid-19. Group II (n = 21) was the healthy normosmic control group.In Group I, the OERPs of 18% participants were absent. Patients in Group I were statistically more likely to have an absence of OERPs (p = 0.036) than subjects in Group II. We did not detect a statistical difference in amplitudes and latencies of the OERPs between Group I and Group II. In Group I, N1 latency of the TERPs was significantly longer (p = 0.002) than in Group II. The amplitude of the N1-P2 interval of the TERPs was significantly lower (p = 0.025) in Group I than in Group II. According to the psychophysical Sniffin stick identification test, hyposmia was detected in 39% in Group I versus 0% in the control Group II.OD is a common post-covid symptom. The presence of OERPs is a significant prognostic factor for olfactory function after Covid 19. We detected a lower percentage of absence of OERPs after Covid-19 compared to the previously published studies of post-viral OD and post-infectious OD. For TERPs, we detected a longer N1 latency and a lower amplitude for the N1-P2 interval after Covid-19. OERPs and TERPs can be considered valid biomarkers to evaluate the progress of post-covid OD.
Finding Long-COVID: temporal topic modeling of electronic health records from the N3C and RECOVER programs
2024-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The study clusters over 600 million condition diagnoses from 14 million patients to identify clinical phenotypes increased after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing insights into Long-COVID symptoms and their variations based on patient characteristics.
Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as Long-COVID, encompasses a variety of complex and varied outcomes following COVID-19 infection that are still poorly understood. We clustered over 600 million condition diagnoses from 14 million patients available through the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), generating hundreds of highly detailed clinical phenotypes. Assessing patient clinical trajectories using these clusters allowed us to identify individual conditions and phenotypes strongly increased after acute infection. We found many conditions increased in COVID-19 patients compared to controls, and using a novel method to associate patients with clusters over time, we additionally found phenotypes specific to patient sex, age, wave of infection, and PASC diagnosis status. While many of these results reflect known PASC symptoms, the resolution provided by this unprecedented data scale suggests avenues for improved diagnostics and mechanistic understanding of this multifaceted disease.
Circulating calprotectin levels four months after severe and non-severe COVID-19.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study investigates the correlation between circulating calprotectin levels and persistent lung functional impairment four months after COVID-19 infection in two university hospital centers in Switzerland. Post-ICU patients had lower DLCO compared to non-ICU patients, with a negative correlation found between calprotectin levels and DLCO or FVC.
Interstitial lung abnormalities after hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients with cancer: A prospective cohort study.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
A prospective cohort study of cancer patients post-hospitalization for COVID-19 found that 70% had interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) at 3 months, with 26% having persistent ILAs at 6 months. Higher peak Radiologic Severity Index (RSI) and older age were associated with ILA persistence.
A histopathological view at the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the gastrointestinal system in children: a single center experience.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study evaluates histopathological alterations in the gastrointestinal system of pediatric patients post-COVID-19 infection, focusing on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen and associated inflammation. The findings suggest ongoing viral persistence leading to gastritis and duodenitis months after initial infection.
Subacute and chronic long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different organ systems have been studied in post-COVID patients recently. COVID-19 may cause gastrointestinal (GI) system findings due to the presence of its receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), which is extensively expressed in the GI tract. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the post-infectious histopathological alterations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients who had GI symptoms.Fifty-six specimens of upper endoscopic biopsies (including esophagus, stomach, bulbus and duodenum) obtained from seven patients and 12 specimens of lower endoscopic biopsies obtained from one patient who had GI symptoms after having COVID-19 (proven by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were evaluated as the study group. Forty specimens from five patients presenting with similar complaints but without COVID-19 were selected as the control group. All biopsy materials were immunohistochemically stained with the anti-SARS-CoV-2S1 antibody.In all biopsies of the study group, anti-SARS-CoV-2S1 antibody was detected with moderate cytoplasmic positivity in epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. No staining was observed in the control group. Epithelial damage, thrombus, or no other specific findings were detected in the GI tract biopsies of any of the patients.The virus antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the stomach and duodenum, but not in the esophagus, even months after infection and causes gastritis and duodenitis. No specific histopathological finding was observed from non-COVID-19 gastritis/duodenitis. Therefore, the post-COVID-19 GI system involvement should be kept in mind in patients presenting with dyspeptic symptoms even if several months have passed.
Icosapent ethyl (VASCEPA®) as treatment for post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 (PASC) vaccine induced injury and infection.
2023-01-01
Category: DrugAI relevance: 75/100
This study evaluates the effectiveness of Icosapent Ethyl (VASCEPA®) in treating post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 (PASC). Two case studies show symptom resolution after treatment, suggesting further investigation is warranted.
Elevated SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Levels in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study assesses the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized COVID-19 convalescents and finds that those with post-COVID syndrome have higher anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels, suggesting an autoimmunity mechanism.
With the routine use of effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, the number of life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) courses have largely been reduced. However, multiple COVID-19 convalescents, even after asymptomatic to moderate disease, suffer from post-COVID syndrome, with relevant limitations in daily life. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome are still elusive, with dysregulation of the immune system suggested as a central mechanism. Here, we assessed COVID-19 post-infectious symptoms (5-6 months after PCR-confirmed acute infection) together with the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized COVID-19 convalescents, early (5-6 weeks) and late (5-6 months) after their first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Convalescents reporting several post-infectious symptoms (>3) showed higher anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels 5-6 weeks after PCR-confirmed infection with the latter remained increased 5-6 months after positive PCR. Likewise, a higher post-infectious symptom score was associated with increased antibody levels. Of note, convalescents displaying neuro-psychiatric symptoms such as restlessness, palpitations, irritability, and headache, as well as general symptoms such as fatigue/reduced power had higher SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels compared with asymptomatic cases. The increased humoral immune response in convalescents with post-COVID syndrome might be useful for the detection of individuals with an increased risk for post-COVID syndrome.
Reactive arthritis following COVID-19: cause for concern.
2023-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the potential triggering of reactive arthritis by COVID-19, one to four weeks post-infection. It highlights the need for further investigation into the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved.
Post-Acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) right atrioventricular and vena cava thrombus on top of a myxoma. A Case report.
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
A case report of a 21-year-old female with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed a large right atrioventricular thrombus associated with pulmonary embolism and tricuspid valve insufficiency, leading to congestive hepatomegaly. The thrombus was found to be a myxoma hidden inside the clot.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome following mild COVID-19 in an unvaccinated Tongan adult.
2022-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The paper describes a case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A) in an unvaccinated Tongan man who developed the condition 30 days after mild COVID-19 illness. The case highlights clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features of MIS-A.
Orthostatic Challenge Causes Distinctive Symptomatic, Hemodynamic and Cognitive Responses in Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study evaluated the effects of an orthostatic challenge on people with Long COVID and ME/CFS compared to healthy controls. The NLT provoked worsening symptoms, hemodynamic changes, and cognitive impairments in both patient groups but not in controls.
The challenge of diagnosing Guillain-Barre syndrome in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit.
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the neurological complications of COVID-19, focusing on Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. It highlights challenges in diagnosing and treating GBS in these patients.
Clinical heterogeneity in patients with myoclonus associated to COVID-19.
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study reports clinical heterogeneity in myoclonus associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, observed in 6 patients. The latency of myoclonus ranged from 1 to 129 days post-infection, and the pathogenesis is suspected to be immune-mediated.
A Comparative Olfactory MRI, DTI and fMRI Study of COVID-19 Related Anosmia and Post Viral Olfactory Dysfunction.
2022-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study compared MRI, DTI, and fMRI findings of olfactory dysfunction in patients with persistent COVID-19 related anosmia to those with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction. It found differences in olfactory bulb morphology and activity patterns between the two groups, suggesting a distinct pathophysiology for COVID-19 related anosmia.
Serum Metabolic Profile in Patients With Long-Covid (PASC) Syndrome: Clinical Implications.
2021-07-22
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses the serum metabolic profile in patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), also known as Long-COVID, and its clinical implications.
The paper discusses the serum metabolic profile in patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), also known as Long-COVID, and its clinical implications.
Recurrent Status Epilepticus and SARS-CoV-2 infection: the "perfect storm".
2021-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses a case of recurrent status epilepticus (SE) in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting an infectious inflammatory/immune response as the possible trigger.
Respiratory involvement is the most common clinical manifestation of COVID-19, but neurological symptoms and complications are increasingly being recognized. Seizures and status epilepticus (SE) have been described as possible consequences of hypoxia and metabolic derangements during SARS-CoV-2 infection, direct viral invasion of the central nervous system, or as para or post-infectious complications. Single episodes of SE have been described, occurring during the acute phase of COVID-19 or once the patients have been recovered. Herein, we present the case of a patient with a positive serology test for SARS-CoV-2 (IgG+, IgM-) and recurrent SE occurring within 36 days. Diagnostic work-up ruled out other known causes of SE. A post-COVID-19 infectious inflammatory/immune response is hypothesized as the possible trigger of SE.
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2021-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
A patient experienced myelopathy after SARS-CoV-2 infection, diagnosed with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and positive for MOG-IgG antibodies. There was significant improvement with long-term oral corticosteroid therapy.
Video-polysomnographic findings after acute COVID-19: REM sleep without atonia as sign of CNS pathology?
2021-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The study evaluated sleep disorders in patients after acute COVID-19 using video-polysomnography. It found that 36% of the patients showed REM sleep without atonia (RWA), a prodromal stage of RBD, suggesting possible CNS pathology related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Long COVID affects working memory: assessment using a single rapid online test
2026-07-22
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 70/100
The paper assesses working memory in individuals with Long COVID using a single rapid online test, indicating cognitive impairments associated with the condition.
ObjectiveLong COVID, or post-COVID-19 syndrome, is characterized by persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including cognitive impairments such ...
Effects of HIV status and vaccination on long COVID conditions within an integrated health care system
2026-07-10
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 70/100
The study compares the incidence of post-COVID conditions (PCC) among people living with HIV (PLWH) and those without HIV (PWoH), and assesses the effect of COVID-19 vaccination in a large integrated healthcare system.
Horberg et al., compare the incidence of post-COVID conditions (PCC) among people living with HIV (PLWH) and those without HIV (PWoH), and assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination in a large integrated healthcare system. PLWH have a 25% higher risk of PCC, particularly gastrointestinal and neurological conditions, while vaccination reduces persistent but not late incident PCC risk, regardless of HIV status.
Persistence of Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae (PASC) symptoms in healthcare workers four years after ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective multicentre cohort.
2026-03-17
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 70/100
A prospective multicentre cohort study examining the persistence of Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae (PASC) symptoms in healthcare workers four years after ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A prospective multicentre cohort study examining the persistence of Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae (PASC) symptoms in healthcare workers four years after ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Echocardiographic Evaluation in Children with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Deep Learning.
2026-01-12
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 70/100
The paper discusses echocardiographic evaluations in children with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating potential microvascular issues.
The paper discusses echocardiographic evaluations in children with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating potential microvascular issues.
The paper reviews the impact of long COVID on kidney health, discussing acute and chronic kidney injury, increased risk of CKD post-COVID-19, and associations with nephropathy and vasculitis. It also highlights the importance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in reducing the risk of both COVID-19 and long-term complications.
Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid-19 and post-acute sequelae of Covid-19.
2022-01-07
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 70/100
The paper discusses skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, indicating microvascular issues as a potential mechanism.
The paper discusses skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, indicating microvascular issues as a potential mechanism.
SSRI/SNRI and long COVID in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric conditions: a cohort study from the RECOVER Initiative
2026-06-29
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
The study analyzes data from young individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions, finding a correlation between SSRI/SNRI use and long COVID symptom risks.
Long COVID poses major health challenges in children and adolescents, and its development factors are still not fully understood. Here the authors analyze data from 110,955 young individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions, revealing that SSRI/SNRI use correlates with varied long COVID symptom risks, highlighting the need for further exploration of the impacts of antidepressants on post-coronavirus disease outcomes.
Anesthesia in Patients With Long COVID or Post-infectious Respiratory Sequelae Undergoing Emergency Surgery: Clinical Challenges and Perioperative Strategies.
2026-02-22
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
The paper discusses clinical challenges and perioperative strategies for patients with Long COVID or post-infectious respiratory sequelae undergoing emergency surgery.
The paper discusses clinical challenges and perioperative strategies for patients with Long COVID or post-infectious respiratory sequelae undergoing emergency surgery.
Soluble ST2 fails to reflect persistent endothelial dysfunction or symptoms in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
2026-02-19
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 65/100
The study investigates the relationship between soluble ST2 levels and endothelial dysfunction or symptoms in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, finding that soluble ST2 does not reflect these conditions.
The study investigates the relationship between soluble ST2 levels and endothelial dysfunction or symptoms in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, finding that soluble ST2 does not reflect these conditions.
The Long-COVIDiet Study: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Diet Quality on Fatigue, Physical Function, and Inflammation in Older Adults with Long COVID
2026-02-06
Category: LifestyleAI relevance: 65/100
This study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of diet quality on fatigue, physical function, and inflammation in older adults with Long COVID.
This study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of diet quality on fatigue, physical function, and inflammation in older adults with Long COVID.
Blood pro-thrombotic analytes and platelet activation are associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
2025-12-10
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 65/100
The paper discusses the association between blood pro-thrombotic analytes and platelet activation with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, suggesting a potential microvascular mechanism.
The paper discusses the association between blood pro-thrombotic analytes and platelet activation with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, suggesting a potential microvascular mechanism.
Transcranial direct current stimulation plus cognitive training for cognitive symptoms in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.
2025-08-21
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training for improving cognitive symptoms in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training for improving cognitive symptoms in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Perioperative and anesthetic considerations for post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC)/long COVID.
2025-07-28
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 65/100
The paper discusses perioperative and anesthetic considerations for post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC)/long COVID, focusing on the clinical management rather than detailed mechanisms or treatments.
The paper discusses perioperative and anesthetic considerations for post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC)/long COVID, focusing on the clinical management rather than detailed mechanisms or treatments.
Assessment of Pulmonary Function in Children with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC) Using Impulse Oscillometry and the Role of Vaccination
2025-07-18
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 65/100
The paper assesses pulmonary function in children with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC) using impulse oscillometry and explores the role of vaccination.
The paper assesses pulmonary function in children with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC) using impulse oscillometry and explores the role of vaccination.
Characterising dysfunctional breathing seen in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 using approximate entropy.
2025-05-01
Category: LifestyleAI relevance: 65/100
The paper characterizes dysfunctional breathing in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 using approximate entropy, which is a measure of complexity and regularity.
The paper characterizes dysfunctional breathing in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 using approximate entropy, which is a measure of complexity and regularity.
The use of oral anticoagulation at the time of acute COVID-19 infection and subsequent development of long-COVID/post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2025-04-05
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
The paper discusses the use of oral anticoagulation during acute COVID-19 infection and its potential link to the development of long-COVID/post-acute sequelae.
The paper discusses the use of oral anticoagulation during acute COVID-19 infection and its potential link to the development of long-COVID/post-acute sequelae.
Longitudinal Patient-Reported Outcome Trajectories in Long COVID: Findings From the STOP-PASC Clinical Trial.
2025-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
This study used latent class trajectory modeling to analyze symptom trajectories in participants with Long COVID from the STOP-PASC clinical trial. It found heterogeneity in symptom trajectories and no clear benefit of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) across subgroups.
Task-specific facial dystonia following COVID-19 infection: A case report.
2024-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
A case report of task-specific facial dystonia in a patient who tested positive for COVID-19 two weeks prior. The condition did not improve with medication and was treated successfully with botulinum toxin injections.
Investigating the efficacy of melatonin, topical sodium citrate, and multivitamin with zinc as a potential treatment for postinfectious loss of smell.
2024-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
The study evaluated the effectiveness of adding melatonin, multivitamin and sodium citrate to olfactory training for treating post-COVID-19 smell loss. No significant differences were found in UPSIT scores or self-reported olfactory ability between groups receiving olfactory training alone versus combined with supplements.
Sleep disorder syndromes of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) / Long Covid.
2024-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 65/100
This paper reviews sleep disorder syndromes in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or 'Long COVID'. It describes the prevalence and types of sleep disturbances observed, including obstructive sleep apnea, chronic insomnia disorder, primary hypersomnia, REM behavior disorder, and new onset circadian phase delay. The study recommends a comprehensive clinical and investigative sleep evaluation for persistent severe sleep symptoms following COVID-19 infection.
Treatment of Olfactory Disorders After SARS - CoViD 2 Virus Infection.
2024-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a nasal corticosteroid in combination with olfactory training for treating persistent smell disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection. While both treatments showed improvement, the combination therapy had a slightly better long-term effect.
The benefit of a nasal corticosteroid in the treatment of persistent post-infectious smell disorders is not as clear in previous studies as is assumed for olfactory training. This study would therefore like to describe the treatment strategies using the example of a persistent olfactory dysfunction as a result of a proven infection with SARS-CoViD-2-virus.Twenty patients (average age of 33.9 ± 11.9 years) with hyposmia were included in this study from December 2020 to July 2021. Every second patient received additionally a nasal corticosteroid. The two resulting randomized groups of equal size were screened with the TDI test, a 20-item taste powder test for the assessment of retronasal olfaction and otorhinolaryngological examination. The patients were asked to train twice daily using a standardized odor training kit and followed up after 2 months and 3 months, respectively.We documented a significant overall improvement in olfactory ability over the investigation period in both groups. While the TDI score steadily increased on average under the combination therapy, the rise under olfactory training alone was initially steeper. This short-term interaction effect over mean two months was not statistically significant. According to Cohen, however, a moderate effect (eta2 = 0.055, Cohen`s d = 0.5) can still be assumed. This effect could be explained by a possibly higher compliance at the beginning of the sole olfactory training due to the lack of further drug treatment offers. When the training intensity decreases, the recovery of the sense of smell stagnates. Adjunctive therapy ultimately outweighs this short-term benefit.The results reinforce the recommendation of early and consistent olfactory training on patients with dysosmia due to COVID-19. For continuous improvement of the sense of smell, an accompanying topical treatment seems at least to be worth consideration. The results should be optimized with larger cohorts and using new objective olfactometric methods.
The paper discusses the cognitive complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on post-infectious neurocognitive syndrome characterized by fatigue and deficits in attention, memory, and executive function. It highlights medical and social factors contributing to symptom severity and reviews pathophysiologic evidence for cognitive 'brain fog' following COVID-19 infection. The paper also discusses lifestyle changes and rehabilitation strategies that may improve recovery.
SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a post-infectious neurocognitive syndrome characterized by fatigue and deficits in attention, memory, and executive function. As screening cognitive testing generally remains normal, the pathophysiologic basis of these symptoms remains controversial and there is no standardized treatment paradigm. We present a clinical case demonstrative of typical neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting medical and social factors that may have contributed to the severity of symptoms. We discuss the pathophysiologic evidence for cognitive "brain fog" following COVID-19 infection as well as lifestyle changes and rehabilitation strategies that may improve recovery. As the benefits of pharmacologic therapy remain unproven, we close with a brief discussion of medication options that might be appropriate targets for future clinical trials in the context of rehabilitative treatment.
A randomised controlled trial testing the efficacy of Fit after COVID, a cognitive behavioural therapy targeting severe post-infectious fatigue following COVID-19 (ReCOVer): study protocol.
2021-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
A randomised controlled trial testing the efficacy of Fit after COVID, a cognitive behavioural therapy targeting severe post-infectious fatigue following COVID-19.
Convergent genetic and structural parameters of cardiovascular disease related insights of post-acute COVID-19.
2026-01-01
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses the genetic and structural parameters related to cardiovascular disease in post-acute COVID-19 patients, focusing on the interaction between host genetics and persistent molecular remodelling after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It identifies multiple loci associated with PASC and provides insights into the mechanisms driving chronic cardiovascular dysfunction.
A Retrospective Study on the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Cardiopulmonary Function in a Healthy Chinese Cohort: A Focus on "Long COVID"
2026-07-27
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
A retrospective study observing cardiopulmonary function and lingering symptoms in previously healthy individuals with Long COVID.
Objective:This retrospective study aimed to observe the cardiopulmonary function and lingering symptoms in previously healthy individuals with Long COVID usi...
Generalisable long COVID subtypes: findings from the NIH N3C and RECOVER programmes
2023-01-01
Category: ReviewAI relevance: 75/100
The paper presents a method for computationally modeling post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) phenotype data based on electronic healthcare records and assesses pairwise phenotypic similarity between patients using semantic similarity. It identifies six clusters of PASC patients with distinct profiles of phenotypic abnormalities, including pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular abnormalities, and a cluster associated with broad, severe manifestations and increased mortality.
Stratification of patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC, or long COVID) would allow precision clinical management strategies. However, long COVID is incompletely understood and characterised by a wide range of manifestations that are difficult to analyse computationally. Additionally, the generalisability of machine learning classification of COVID-19 clinical outcomes has rarely been tested. We present a method for computationally modelling PASC phenotype data based on electronic healthcare records (EHRs) and for assessing pairwise phenotypic similarity between patients using semantic similarity. Our approach defines a nonlinear similarity function that maps from a feature space of phenotypic abnormalities to a matrix of pairwise patient similarity that can be clustered using unsupervised machine learning. We found six clusters of PASC patients, each with distinct profiles of phenotypic abnormalities, including clusters with distinct pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular abnormalities, and a cluster associated with broad, severe manifestations and increased mortality. There was significant association of cluster membership with a range of pre-existing conditions and measures of severity during acute COVID-19. We assigned new patients from other healthcare centres to clusters by maximum semantic similarity to the original patients, and showed that the clusters were generalisable across different hospital systems. The increased mortality rate originally identified in one cluster was consistently observed in patients assigned to that cluster in other hospital systems. Semantic phenotypic clustering provides a foundation for assigning patients to stratified subgroups for natural history or therapy studies on PASC. NIH (TR002306/OT2HL161847-01/OD011883/HG010860), U.S.D.O.E. (DE-AC02-05CH11231), Donald A. Roux Family Fund at Jackson Laboratory, Marsico Family at CU Anschutz.
Long-Term Risk of Incident Thyroid Cancer After COVID-19 in Patients with Thyroid Disorder: A Multicenter Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
2026-07-28
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
This study investigates the long-term risk of incident thyroid cancer in patients with pre-existing thyroid disorders after contracting COVID-19.
Background: Prior studies examining the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and thyroid cancer in general populations may be influenced ...
Persistent Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction in Non-Hospitalized Patients with Long COVID
2026-07-30
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 85/100
The paper discusses persistent mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction in non-hospitalized patients with Long COVID, indicating a strong mechanistic focus.
Long COVID, a major post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), characterized by prolonged or new-onset symptoms following acute COVID-19, critically affects patie...
Is cellular senescence a biological feature of Long COVID? A transcriptomic analysis across comparative post-acute sequelae phenotypes.
2026-06-24
Category: MechanismAI relevance: 75/100
The paper discusses a transcriptomic analysis to explore cellular senescence as a biological feature of Long COVID, comparing it across different post-acute sequelae phenotypes.
The paper discusses a transcriptomic analysis to explore cellular senescence as a biological feature of Long COVID, comparing it across different post-acute sequelae phenotypes.
Losartan and prednisolone for post-COVID syndrome and cardiac inflammation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
2026-07-30
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating losartan and prednisolone for post-COVID syndrome with cardiac inflammation.
Persistent cardiac symptoms are common in post-COVID syndrome. In the Myoflame-19 trial, losartan plus prednisolone yielded neutral results for the primary outcome, change in left ventricular ejection fraction, in 279 participants with inflammatory cardiac involvement assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
[Neurocognitive functioning after cognitive treatment in post-COVID].
2026-01-01
Category: TreatmentAI relevance: 65/100
A pre-post design study in a mental health care setting examined the effects of a 24-week cognitive resilience program on neurocognitive and psychological symptoms in adults with post-COVID. Significant improvements were observed in verbal learning and psychological symptoms, but not in other neurocognitive domains.
Post-COVID is a post-infectious condition resulting from COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) that can cause a wide range of neurocognitive and psychological symptoms. As no curative treatment currently exists, it is important to help patients learn how to manage their symptoms.To examine whether adults with post-COVID benefit from a treatment program focused on cognitive resilience, in terms of cognitive functioning and psychological symptoms.A pre-post design without a control group was used within a mental health care setting. Twenty-three participants with post-COVID completed a 24-week group-based program consisting of two modules: balancing limited energy and cognitive rehabilitation. Neuropsychological tests, the SCL-90, and the RAND-36 were administered before and after treatment. Differences between pre- and post-treatment scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.Of the 23 participants, 15 completed the program. Verbal learning improved significantly (p = 0.01). No significant changes were found in other neurocognitive domains. Psychological symptoms decreased significantly (p = 0.03).Despite the small sample size, several significant improvements were observed. Participants reported feeling supported by peer contact within the group. Further research is needed to clarify a causal relationship between the treatment program and improvements in cognitive functioning.